Showing posts with label knowledge bank. Show all posts
Showing posts with label knowledge bank. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 7, 2008

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

Argyll-Robertson Pupil:

Pt presents c/ small fixed size pupil that demonstrates no reaction to light, but does contract c/ accommodation. It is secondary to neurosyphilitic lesions of PSNS nuclei known as the Endinger-Westphal nuclei.

Wednesday, July 23, 2008

Red in Chinese

중국인들은 붉은 색을 상당히 좋아한다. 국기는 물론이고 부적마냥 집안 어딘가에 붉은 색을 두기를 좋아하고 정문, 현관, 또는 대문을 붉은 색을 선택하는 것을 당연히 여긴다.

비록 한족의 옷이 아니지만 전통의상처럼 입는 치파오 역시 붉은색에 황금색을 넣은 것을 최고로 치기하는데. 중요한 행사나 가족의 모임등의 식탁에는 꼭 빠지지 않고 어딘가에 붉은 색을 넣어야 한다는 전통에 가끔 결혼식에서 구세대 부모들과 신세대 자식들간의 실랑이도 흔한 이야기이다. 결혼식 이야기가 나와서 말이지만, 한국의 결혼식에선 흰 봉투를 쓰는 것으로 알고 있는데 중국인들은 반드시 붉은 색이다.

왜 붉은 색을 그다지도 좋아하는지 궁금하지 않을 수 없다. 나쁜기운을 쫒아 준다던가, 높은 자리를 나타낸다 라는 여러 이유로 인해 중국인들에게는 No.1 color는 단연 붉은 색이겠다.

그런데 재미있는 것은 일상생활에서 쓰는 단어의 붉은 색은 중국인들에게는 '홍紅'인것 같다. 나는 한국인이라서 그런지 紅자 보다는 적赤자가 먼저 떠오는데 중국인들은 아닌듯하다. 내가 알기로는 日語에서도 붉은색하면 赤을 꽤 많이 쓰는 것으로 알고 있는데 말이다.

이 이야기를 계속해 나가려면 잠시 삼국지이야기를 꺼내야 하겠는데... 내 생각엔 중국인들 보다도 한국인과 일본인들이 삼국지에 더욱 열심인것 같다. 주위엔 어찌된것인지 나보다 삼국지를 잘 아는 중국 친구들이 없다. 그들의 부모님들도 역시 다르지 않은데 삼국지 이야기를 꺼낼만한 친구의 부모님은 딱 두분 만나본게 전부.

삼국지 하면 역시 요즘 한국에선 개봉된 (북미에서는 나왔는지...) 적벽대전 赤壁大戰이 떠오르지 않겠나? 여기서 쓰는 단어는 붉을 적赤자인데 어찌된 영문인지 일상대화에서는 붉은색은 전부 紅인것 같은 눈치.

붉은색 하면 홍, 적, 주朱의 세 글자가 떠오르는 나지만, 중국인들은 모두 식구들과 친구들을 비롯해 한명도 紅이외에는 쓰는 이가 없다. 미스테리가 아닐수 없구나.

붉다 의 뜻을 가진 한자들중 몇
붉을 홍 紅
붉을 적 赤
붉을 주 朱
붉을 단 丹
붉을 자

진홍 강 絳
불빛 혁 爀
빛날 혁 赫
붉을 혁 奕
붉을 동




Sunday, June 22, 2008

LAB TESTS & VALUES

LAB TEST & VALUES

BP 120/80 mmHg ; HTN if 140/90 ; Postural HoTN if SBP drops
>20mmHg or standing SBP <100mmhg
HR 60-90 bpm ; 40-60 bpm if AV nodal rhythm (as in SA heart block)
RR 12-20 ; Hyperpnea = increase both rate and depth ; Tachypnea =increase rate only
Pediatric Vitals Low BP (110/60) with high HR (120±50) and RR (30-60)

SaO2 95-99% ; Rx if O2 <88%>O2 80-110 mmHg ; decrease c/ COPD ; increase c/ hyperventilation
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg ; increase c/ COPD ; decrease c/ pregnancy, PE, anxiety (hyperventilation)
pH 7.35-7.45 ; increase c/ hyperventilation, vomiting ; decrease c/ DM, COPD, RF (K+)
K+ 3.5 - 4.5 ; increase K+ = mm flaccidity, decrease HR, tall peaky T
Na+ 135-145 ; increase Na+ = HTN, tachycardia
Ca2+ ; increase Ca2+ = increase heart activity, decrease mm tone ; decrease Ca2+ = mm spasm, cramp, tetanus

PT/PTT 15/40 sec ; PT Tx CI'd if >2.5 x normal value or >30sec ; PT extrinsic ; PTT intrinsic
INR 09-1.1 ; <2.0>2.0 = check with attending pr to Tx ; >3.0 = risk of hemarthrosis c/ activities ; 2.0-3.0 may be normal for pt. c/ anti-coagulant
Bleeding Time 2-10 min

WBC (Leukocytes) 5,000-10,000 ; decrease c/ aplastic anemia or
B12 (FA) deficiency (infection related anemia) ; ~5000 light activity only ; <5000 style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">RBC (Erythrocytes) 4-6 million ; increase significantly c/ polycythemia
Hct (% RBC in bld) 37-52% ; >25% light activities only ; <25% style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Hgb
12-18 g/dL ; <8> = expect decrease Ex tolerance and Ex may be C/I ; if tachycardia + fatigue = light activities only
Platelet 150K - 450K ; decrease c/ chemotherapy or anemia ; 30-50K MOD activities only ; 20-30K light activities only ; <20k style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">

LIPID PANEL:
Cholesterol <200>240 high risk
HDL 35-60 ; <35>60 negative risk
LDL <100-160>6.0 high risk ; <0.5-3.0 style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Triglycerides
<165>200-126 ; fasting glc should be 100-125 ; >250 hyper ; fasting >200 = DM ; <60 style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">BMI 18.5-24.9 ; 25-30 over weight ; >30 obesity ; >40 morbid obesity

CARDIAC FUNCTION VALUES
MET 3.5mL
O2/kg-min ; VO2 max / 3.5 = MET
RPP = HR x SBP ; increase
myocardial oxygen demand with increase HR or increase BP ; thus keeping Ex intensity low or Rx such as calcium-Ch blocker to protect from further injury by keeping th heart workload low
SV = 70mL ; 120-50
CO = ~6mL/min ; CO = SV x HR (0.7 x 60-90)
EF = 60-70% ; EF = SV/LV EDV ; should be at least 0.55 to have sufficient output ; increase LV EDV + decrease SV = indicates CHF ; EF <20 severe heart failure
MAP = 70-110 mmHg ; (SBP+2DBP)/3 ; if <60 may cause ischemia

Ex RX
Intensity is the primary mode to improve cardiovascular endurance and strength training
duration is the primary mode to improve pulmonary aerobic endurance traning

Str Trng : decrease resting BP decrease Rxn time increase mm endurance
CV Endurance Trng : to have aerobic effect allow rhythmic contraction of mm ; ≥ 70% HRMAX ; 13-16/20 RPE (somewhat hard – hard) ; talk test
Pulm Aerobic Trng : cardiac hypertrophy c/ normal respiratory func. ; increase Hgb = increase O2 delievery ; increase CO (SV) ; decrease HRREST decrease BPREST

PFT
COPD Decrease FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ; Increase RV to <70% style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">RLD Decrease FVC, FEV1 ; Normal or increase FEV1/FVC; decrease all capacities

Monday, June 16, 2008

Brunnstrom Motor Recovery Stages

Brunnstrom stages describe sequential motor recovery of post-CVA pt's specially those with hemiplegia:

Stage 1: initial flaccidity - no voluntary movement
Stage 2: emergence of spasticity, hyper-reflexia, synergies (mass patterns of movement)
Stage 3: voluntary movements possible, but only in synergies, spasticity strong
Stage 4: voluntary control in isolated joint movements emerging, corresponding decline of spasticity and synergies
Stage 5: increasing voluntary control out-of-synergy; coordination deficits present
Stage 6: control and coordination near normal

Tuesday, June 3, 2008

PCA Syndrome

Weber's syndrome
= oculomotor palsy (CN III) + contralateral hemiplegia

Claude's syndrome

= oculomotor palsy (CN III) + contralateral ataxia

학교를 다닐땐 그렇게 공부하기가 싫었다. 어른들은 줄 곳 한살이라도 젊을 때 하나라도 더 배우라고 하셨는데, 요즘은 그 말이 진심이셨구나라고 느끼며 하루하루를 보낸다.
요즘은 외우는 것도 힘들어 졌음은 물론 배운것도 쉽게 잊곤 하니 말이다...

한살이라도 더 젊을 때 하나라도 더 배우기...

Saturday, May 10, 2008

Wallenberg's syndrome

aka "lateral medullary syndrome"

2' to occlusion of PICA or VBA (located laterally to medulla oblongata)
ipsilateral L/O pain & temp of face (trigeminal nucleus)
contralateral L/O pain & temp of body (lateral spinothalamic)
dysphasia (difficulty swallowing & speech 2' to vagus & hypoglossal CN9), decreased gag reflex
if vestibular system involved = pt. may c/o vertigo, N/V, (+) nystagmus
if descending SNS involved = pt. may present c/ (+) ipsilateral Horner's syndrome

Circle of Will

1. ACA = LE>UE
2. MCA = mess, UE>LE, BG - sensory ataxia, (+) Romberg (L/O standing balance c/ eyes closed), speech (wernicke's), HH

3. PCA = Weber's Syndrome (ocular motor palsy c/contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis)
4. Basilar a. = brainstem s/s ("locked-in syndrome")
5. PICA = Wallenberg syndrome (ipsi tongue + contra para/paresth.)
6. VBA = Horner's sign (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis)

Monday, May 5, 2008

ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity)

Reinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a retinal detachment of premature babies. It is 2' to abnormal blood vessel development and was often found c/ pt. who received high O2 dose for RDS or other pulmonary dzs tx. Currently, c/ proper O2 delivery monitoring, risk of ROP due to O2 tx is rare.

Retinal blood vessel development begins at 2nd trimester (30d post-conception); newborns a/ 30 wk gestational age & c/ RDS is in high risk of ROP.

Tx should begin immediately (p/ 72hr) and detachment may require surg. intervention.

Wednesday, April 16, 2008

more computer stuff

B O O T I N G
1) DTIData NTFS Recovery Repair Tool (find.pcworld.com/60343) *read 60341 & 60342 first

2)
CmosPwd - find & reset CMOS password (executable in DOS)

3)
Ultimate Boot Disk - for creating a boot disk with more system than in the Windows version; provides a mean to edit registry, restore system files, and ID system hardware; can even save BIOS settings; save or restore master boot records (MBR)! nice....

D O C U M E N T S
1) AbiWord (word processing)

2) Star Office (no need introduction)

3) Foxit Reader (again... for PDF)

U T I L I T I E S
1) GreenPrint World (printer utility - please save my earth~)

2)
Mottsoft Free Calculator (a bit more than WIN basic calculator)

3)
AVira Anti Vir Personal Edition Classic (other than some pop-ups, nice~)

4)
Threat Fire Free

5)
Comodo Firewall Pro (also no need introduction, awesome freebee)

6)
Freerange Freereader

7)
URL Snooper (if don't mind quality, you may snatch any flashbased)

8)
MeeVee (ultimate TV-guide)

9)
CCleaner (shredder... TMNT!)

10)
Eusing Free Registry Cleaner

11)
Lightning (awesome calender add-on to the Thunderbird)

W I N D O W S D E C O
1) Windows-blinds

2) Rocket Dock vs Object Dock

3) AlfaClock

G A M E S & M O R E
1) Splume
2) Excit
3) Command & Conquer Gold Ed (60146)
4) Virtual Clone Drive (60145)
5) Dungeon Runners (60382)
6) Airport (60148)
7) Little Fighter 2 (60147)
8) Disaffected (60381)
9) Freeciv (60392)
10) flOw (60391)

Thursday, April 10, 2008

memento

few things that I've completely forgotten about...

1) radial nerve innervates all extensors (C6-8) + abductor pollicis longus (AbPL) (C7-8) + supinator (C5-6)

2) adductor pollicis (AdP) is the only thenar muscle innervated by non-median nerve

3) unlike lumbricals, interossei are entirely innervated by ulnar nerve

4) none of the quinti (minimi) muscles are innervated by median nerve

5) Erb's palsy = C5-6, upper arm paralysis including supinator and extensors
Klumpke's palsy = C8-T1, lower arm paralysis including intrinsics
Erb-Klupke's palsy = whole arm paralysis/brachial plexus injury (BPI)

졸업한지 얼마나 됐다고 벌써 까먹는 것이냐?!

Sunday, January 20, 2008

Primary Bone Cancer

Two most common types of bone cancer are 1) multiple myeloma and 2) Ewing's sarcoma.

1) Multiple Myeloma is a neoplasm of bone marrow that decreases marrow and osseous tissue formation. It also affects plasma cell development.
S&S: insidious onset (usually asymptomatic in early stage); pain, fx (flat bones such as ribs), hypercalcemia, and deformities; pt may present with immunocompromised signs secondary to abnl plasma cell formation; middle aged & elderly pt.

2) Ewing's sarcoma - also a tumor of bone marrow.
S&S: pain, swelling, fevor, leukocytosis; actual tumor cell may be difficult to differentiate from the surround tissue upon surgical exploration.
cf. to the multiple myeloma it affects long bones and pelvis commonly and found in adolescence specially boys.

3) Another form of bone cancer often closely related to the lymphoma.
mainly, lymphoma take in two forms: Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's (NHL). The third form of lymphoma is rare in northern America. All types have different level of tissue involvement, but manifestations are all similar - lymphoid enlargement, wkness, fever, wt. loss, and anemia.

Hodgkin's type often found in young adults and respond to tx well; while NHL affects middle-aged pts and difficult to tx.

Wednesday, January 16, 2008

Make your Firefox Better by 10,000 light-year speed

이번에 불여우

즐 겨 찾는 잡지중 전공과 일에 상관없는 하나가 PC World와 PC Magazine인데 PC World에서 오랬만에 흥미 있는 기사들을 발견했다. 불여우는 쓴지가 꽤 되서 은근히 이것 저것을 알게 되었는데Windows Vista는 이제 2개월차라 아직 생소한것 투성이다. 게다가 아직도 랩탑은 XP를 쓰는 까닭에 별로 Vista를 explore할 기회를 많이 같지 않았기도 하다. 그래서 이번 호에 실린 XP와 Vista, 그리고 불여우에 대한 기사는 꽤 흥미롭다. 이미 전문가나 어느정도 컴퓨터에 관심이 있는 사람들은 다들 알고 있겠지만 engineering과 떨어져 산지가 벌써 4년이 되가는 사이에 많은 것들이 변한것 같다.

오늘의 지식창고의 출처: www.pcworld.com

Back-up Firefox Registry

모든 불여우의 설정을 바꾸기전 꼭 해야 할일중 제일 중요한것은 불여우의 Registry를 백업해 놓는일.
1) Run: %appdata%\mozilla\firefox\profiles
2) Appears a folder name something like 4hw0enet.default, double click it to open it
3) Copy prefs.js file into somewhere safer. If something goes wrong, restore this file.

Miscellaneous
불여우에선 상당히 편리한 몇가지 단축키가 있는데...
첫째는 -"L" 주소창으로 바로 커서를 이동
둘째는 주소창에서 입력시 -를 사용하면 @#$%.com을 치지 않아도 된다
셋째는 -"D" 북마크/자주찾기에 사용
마지막으로 -"=" 이나 -"-", 화면 크기를 토글할때 쓸수있다
이정도는 기본.
불여우가 IE7보다 여러가지로 편리한점이 많은데 그중 자주 쓰게 되는 것중의 하나가 바로 주소창에서 구글을 검색할수 있는 경우인데, 이 경우 부득이 default로 된것이 바로 I feel lucky, 즉 찾으려하는 검색어 최상단에 위치한 사이트로 이전하는 경우이다. 사이트가 마음에 들지 않는다면 낭패. 그러나 이것도 고칠수가 있으니...

Google Search

주소칸에서 검색을 할경우 구글 검색의 result를 리스트로 마치 구글 창에서 검색하는 것과 같은 결과를 보여주는 방법.

1) Make sure to back-up the firefox registry as suggested earlier
불여우의 레지스트리를 백업 보관한다
2) On firefox address (-L), type about:config
주소창에 about:config이라고 입력한다
3) in filterfiled: "keyword"
뜨는 창에 keyword라고 친다
4) double click key-word.URL
key-word.url이라는 파일을 클릭한다음
5) type "http://www.google.com/search?btnG=Google+Search&q="
위와 같이 창에 입력한다.

***if you wish to return to default (I'm feeling luck), type "http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=navclient&gfus=1&q="
만일 다시 설정을 복원시키고 싶으면 위와 같이 입력한다.

Optimize Broadband
믿거나 말거나 불여우는 모뎀을 이용한 코넥션을 가장 유용하게 쓰게 설정되어 있는데, DSL이나 캐이블등의 high speed broadband를 쓰는 이들이라면 더욱 스피드를 향상 시킬수 있는 방법이 있어 공개한다

1) back-up firefox registry
2) type about:config in firefox
3) in filterfield type network.http
4) double click network.http.pipelining to set it true
5) double click network.http.pipelining.maxrequests and enter any number higher than default 4, such as 15
6) double click network.http.proxy.piplining to set it true
7) Right-click anywhere in the window and select New then Integer,
8) then type nglayout.initialpain.delay and set integer value = 0

Other programs & Tools

Vista Snipping Tool .../58977
does not work for Home Basic Edition

Adobe Reader replacement
Foxit Reader (only 2MB instead of 23MB) allows user to view PDF file and add commentary note

Addonics Embedded IDE-CF Adaptor
For $30, use 2 CF cards upto 32GB instead of notebook HD, Check .../58945

Revive Damaged HD
Get the 'partition recovery' + download BartPE
Burn BartPE on a CD to boot-up
Use partition recovery

Make your Windows Faster by 10,000 light-year speed

즐겨 찾는 잡지중 전공과 일에 상관없는 하나가 PC World와 PC Magazine인데 PC World에서 오랬만에 흥미 있는 기사들을 발견했다. 불여우는 쓴지가 꽤 되서 은근히 이것 저것을 알게 되었는데Windows Vista는 이제 2개월차라 아직 생소한것 투성이다. 게다가 아직도 랩탑은 XP를 쓰는 까닭에 별로 Vista를 explore할 기회를 많이 같지 않았기도 하다. 그래서 이번 호에 실린 XP와 Vista, 그리고 불여우에 대한 기사는 꽤 흥미롭다. 이미 전문가나 어느정도 컴퓨터에 관심이 있는 사람들은 다들 알고 있겠지만 engineering과 떨어져 산지가 벌써 4년이 되가는 사이에 많은 것들이 변한것 같다.

오늘의 지식창고의 출처: www.pcworld.com

Merge: Copy-/Move-to-Folder; a Right-click Menu

새로운 파일들을 정리해 관리하거나 오래된 파일들을 따로 정리 보관을 할때면 copy-나 cut- & paste를 할때가 많은데 복사-붙이기 과정중 조금 지겨운것이 있다면 바로 오른쪽 버튼 right-click 마법이 되겠다. 물론 단축키가 있어 용의 하지만 바로 right-click으로 해결을 할수가 없는데 이때에는 여러번 마우스를 누르게 될때가 많다. 하지만 이 모든걸 해결할수 있는 방법이 있다. 간단하게 오른쪽 버튼을 누르는 것으로 원하는 폴더에 옮길수 있다고 한다.

1) Create a Registry Back-Up by set a new restore point in System Restore
이것을 실행하기 전에 반드시 Registry를 백업을 해줄것
2) Notepad: Format Menu *be sure to uncheck Word Wrap
노트패드에 포맷 메뉴를 선택한다. 글감기는 선택하지 않기
3) Type: 다음과 같이 입력을 한다 WindowsRegistryEditorVersion5.00[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\AllFileSystem-Objects\Shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\{C2FBB630-2971-11D1-A18C-00C04FD75D13}]
WindowsRegistryEditorVersion5.00[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\AllFileSystem-Objects\Shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\{C2FBBB631-2971-11D1-A18C-00C04FD75D13}]
4)Save & Exit
세이브 저장, 그리고 Exit.

System Protection (Vista)


Windows Vista중 상층에 속하는 Vista Business나 Ultimate등을 사용하는 컴의 경우에는 shadow copy라는 백업 프로그램이 돌아가는 것으로 알고 있다. 문제가 생길결우를 대비한 백업인데 사용자가 알고 있는가에 상관없이 돌아가고 있는 것으로 되어 있다. 문제는 Vista home edition의 사용자들인데 pcworld에 따르면 home edition은 백업된 파일들을 복구할수있는 체제가 없는 것으로 안다 (타사 제품을 쓰지 않는 경우라면). 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 컴은 지속해서 고스트를 만들어 메모리와 하드의 공간을 쓰고 있다고 한다. 어차피 home edition을 쓰는 일들은 필요가 없을 테니까, 이 프로그램의 활동를 중지시켜 메모리와 available한 하드의 용량을 늘린다는 것이다.

방법은:
1) put all documents & other files on a drive or partition other than your windows disk
모든 서류와 파일들을 윈도우스 디스크가 아닌 드라이브나 파티션으로 옮긴다
2) Click START, type SystemPropertiesProtection, and ENTER
스타트 버튼을 누룬후 systempropertiesprotection이라고 친다
3) Uncheck the one with personal data
개인정보라고 되어있는 박스에서 체크마크를 지운다

Uninstall no-longer use Devices

더이상은 쓰지않는 기기들 (특히 노트북의 USB등으로 연결하는 하드웨어나 데스크탑에서 교환해버린 부품들) 그러나 완전히 uninstall이 되지 않은 경우에 start-up이나 log-on에서의 부팅시간을 잡아 먹을 경우가 있어서 완전히 없애는 방법을 소개한다.

1) Create a restore point in System Restore
System retore에 restore point를 만든다
2) -R: cmd "setdevmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1"
실행 코맨드를 열어 setdevmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1이라고 친다
3) Run: "devmgmt.msc"
Choose View, Show Hidden Devices
다시 한번 실행 코맨드를 열어 devmgmt.msc라고 친다음
view그리고 show hidden devices를 선택한다
4) Uninstall any non-use devices
보이는 리스트에서 더이상 쓰이지 않는 기기들을 uninstall한다

Windows Defender for XP

Vista에서 쓰이는 프로그램중 Windows Defender는 XP에서 다운을 받아 쓸수 있다. 자세한건 여기 .../59051에서 또는 여기.../59023의 팁중 19와 20을 보아도 좋을듯

Cleanout @ Log-ons

*use free autorun progroms to clean out start-up programs during the log-on
Check a MS owned Sysinternals the program is available at find.pcworld.com\59017
or use Paul Collin's Startup Application List to identify the unnecessary programs

Speed-ups & utilities
find.pcworld.59015

For Windows Security
MS Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) .../59023

For Data Recovery
.../59055

Wednesday, January 9, 2008

Addison's Disease

In most cases, Addison's Disease is caused by autoimmune disorder involves with gradual destruction of adrenal gland. Adrenal gland malfunction or adrenal insufficiency is evident by noticeable decrease of cortisol level.

Cortisol is a hormone that plays an important role in stress response of our body. In addition, it maintains BP and cardiovascular function, decrease of immune responded inflammation. It also involves with insulin balance as well. Cortisol is regulated by hypothalamus-pituitary gland system that produces ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). ACTH secreted by pituitary gland stimulates adrenal gland to release cortisol. This system is regulated by negative feedback system.

Addison's Disease may also affect the aldosterone production. Aldosterone is another hormone that helps kidney to retain salt, such as Na+ and K+; which in turn, regulates BP. Dysfunction of aldosterone regulation may result in significant decrease of BP and blood volume.

S/S of Addison's Disease are gradually presented: chronic and worsening fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, and L/O appetite. Pt. may demonstrate N/V/D, changes in skin pigmentation - darkening, and irritability and depression - secondary to decrease of salt. Pt. may crave salty food.

In its critical condition, pt. may presents with Addison's Crisis: such as sudden severe LBP, hypotension, severe N/V/D and L/O consciousness.

Dx of Addison's disease in its early stage is fairly difficult for its nature of gradual onset. If it is suspected, number of tests such as ACTH stimulation test (rapid ACTH) may be administered to confirm the condition.

Tx includes hormone therapy (replacement/substitution) - oral hydrocortisone tablet.

Sunday, January 6, 2008

Collagen

Intervention of musculoskeletal condition often refers to treatment of soft-tissue (muscle), bone, and connective tissue. Technically, connective tissue is a part of soft-tissue, but it often is treated separated due to isolated injuries are common.

Collagen is a common, perhaps the most abundant protein group in human body. Collagen has great tensile strength, thus adds structural and functional strength to various human body components. Among various types of collagen, type I - main component of bone and type II - cartilage are the two most common types.

Type I Collagen is the most abundant collagen type of the human body. In addition to bone, tendons, myofibrils, fibrocartilage, and nucleus pulposus of spine are composed of type I collagen. Lack of this type of collagen most likely leads to bone disease, such as osteogenesis imperfecta.

Type II Collagen is also abundant collagen protein type often makes up hyaline cartilage and annulus fibrosus of spine. Various collagenopathy may result with deficiency of this type of collagen.

Thursday, December 20, 2007

Zeitgeist

[TIME + SPIRIT: Ger]

The spirit of the time; the taste and outlook characteristic of a period or generation: "It's easy to see how a student . . . in the 1940's could imbibe such notions. The Zeitgeist encouraged Philosopher-Kings" (James Atlas).

The general moral, intellectual, and cultural climate of an era; Zeitgeist is German for “time-spirit.” For example, the Zeitgeist of England in the Victorian Period included a belief in industrial progress, and the Zeitgeist of the 1980s in the United States was a belief in the power of money and the many ways in which to spend it.

Pastiche

A dramatic, literary, or musical piece openly imitating the previous works of other artists, often with satirical intent.

[American Heritage Dictionary]

Ewing's Sarcoma

Sarcoma [flesh + tumor] is a CA arising from mesenchymal tissues such as muscle or bone; sarcoma such as multiple myeloma, may affect bones, bladder, kidney, lung, liver, parotids, and spleen.

Ewing's sarcoma/tumor is a diffuse endothelioma forming a fusiform swelling on a long bone.

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Useful Websites

There are many useful websites to visit. Some seems very useful. Should visit sometime soon & explore

Windows etc Tools
1. transmedia glide presentation 2.0
2. piriform C-cleaner (find.pcworld.com/58679
3. www.planzo.com - similar to google calendar
4. www.rememberthemilk.com - to do list; you can pinpoint on the google map

Office-like Tools
5. www.zoho.com - zoho office
6. www.thinkfree.com - thinkfree office
7. WINDOWS Live Skydive - 500MB free file storage

Graphics & Audio
8. www.pixenate.com - similar Adobe Photoshop online express
9. www.mediamaster.com - take your music everywhere

Thursday, November 8, 2007

REYE'S SYNDROME

[Ralph DK Reye, Australian pathologist]

Reye's syndrome is a combination of acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infection. This syndrome has been associated with influenza B, chickenpox (varicella), the enteroviruses, and the Epstein-Barr virus.

It usually affects people under 18 years of age, characteristically causing an exanthematous rash, vomiting, and confusion about 1 week after the onset of a viral illness. In the late stage there may be extreme disorientation followed by coma, sz, and respiratory arrest.

Lab test reveal greater than normal amounts of SGOT and SGPT, bilirubin, and ammonia in the blood. A specimen obtained by liver biopsy shows fatty degeneration and confirms the Dx.

Mortality varies between 20-80%, depending on the severity of sx.

The cause of Reye's syndrome is unknown; however, there appears to be an association with the administration of aspirin (ASA). Therefore aspirin is given only if prescribed by a physician for any condition in infants or children. Aspirin should not be given in cases of chickenpox or suspected influenza.

No specific tx is available. Insulin, antibiotics, and mannitol may be given.
Blood gases, blood pH, and BP are monitored frequently. Intensive supportive nrsg care with meticulous monitoring of all vital functions and prompt correction of any imbalance are extreme significance in the outcome of this syndrome.

SOURCE: Mosby's medical, nursing, & allied health dictionary. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002.