REYE'S SYNDROME

[Ralph DK Reye, Australian pathologist]

Reye's syndrome is a combination of acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infection. This syndrome has been associated with influenza B, chickenpox (varicella), the enteroviruses, and the Epstein-Barr virus.

It usually affects people under 18 years of age, characteristically causing an exanthematous rash, vomiting, and confusion about 1 week after the onset of a viral illness. In the late stage there may be extreme disorientation followed by coma, sz, and respiratory arrest.

Lab test reveal greater than normal amounts of SGOT and SGPT, bilirubin, and ammonia in the blood. A specimen obtained by liver biopsy shows fatty degeneration and confirms the Dx.

Mortality varies between 20-80%, depending on the severity of sx.

The cause of Reye's syndrome is unknown; however, there appears to be an association with the administration of aspirin (ASA). Therefore aspirin is given only if prescribed by a physician for any condition in infants or children. Aspirin should not be given in cases of chickenpox or suspected influenza.

No specific tx is available. Insulin, antibiotics, and mannitol may be given.
Blood gases, blood pH, and BP are monitored frequently. Intensive supportive nrsg care with meticulous monitoring of all vital functions and prompt correction of any imbalance are extreme significance in the outcome of this syndrome.

SOURCE: Mosby's medical, nursing, & allied health dictionary. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002.